Physics in Zhejiang University
I. Zhejiang University
Hangzhou, a beautiful and prosperous city honored as “paradise
on earth”, is located in China’s east coast. As a city with world
fame, Hangzhou enjoys a mild climate throughout the year, trees making a
pleasant shade and green hills embracing the city. West Lake is known as
the symbol of Hangzhou, and the humanistic and historic sites all around
add strong cultural color to the city.
Zhejiang University sits beside West Lake. Founded in 1897 and
grew out of the Qiu-shi School, it is one of the several universities
with a history of more than 100 years in China. It’s the long history
and rigorous scholarship that cultivate 76 academicians of Chinese
Academy of Sciences and Academy of Engineering within its graduates.
What’s more, there have been 138 academicians among the alumnae and
alumni of Zhejiang University.
Many notable scholars like Ke-zheng Zhu (Ko-chen Chu), Yin-chu
Ma, Jia-xi Lu, Bu-qing Shu, Shan-qiang Qian, Gang-chang Wang, Shi-zhang
Bei, Jian-gong Chen, Ling-xi Qian, Jia-zhen Tan, Hao-chao Gu, Xiao-cang
Zheng, Shou-pan Liang, Chen-tao Xia, Liang-fu Jiang, Zheng-dao Li (T.D.
Lee), Jian-xiong Wu, Xian-tu He and Yong-xiang Lu all have been teaching
and studying in Zhejiang University. Zhejiang University is a cradle of
science masters.
Ko-chen
Chu, a famous scientist and educationist who had contributed greatly to
meteorology, geography, agricultural development and resource utility,
assumed the office of the president of Zhejiang University from 1936 to
1949. He advocated democracy and the academic style of pursing the
truth, and significantly developed Zhejiang University from a small
local university to a national one with world fame. When the well-known
British scholar, Prof. Joseph Lee, visited China, he was surprised by
the rapid progress of Zhejiang University, praising it as “Cambridge
University in the East”.
In 1952,
Zhejiang University shrank to a university majoring in technology due to
the reconstruction of universities in China. Yong-xiang Lu, the present
Chairman of Chinese Academy of Science, had been the president of
Zhejiang University from 1988 to 1995. During that period of time, he
had been keen on education reforms, innovated the new system of
management, and greatly promoted the development of all subjects and
enhanced the comprehensive strength of Zhejiang University. In 1998,
Zhejiang University took the lead in universities and colleges
re-combination in China and turned itself into a comprehensive research
university with the widest range of subjects. Zhejiang University is
among the first-class in China’s Universities and gains its reputation
in the world.
In Zhejiang
University are there now 24 national key subjects, 11 national key labs,
2 national engineering research centers, 3 national engineering and
technology research centers, 1000 professors and 2400 associate
professors, 20 Guangbiao
distinguished
professors,
25 distinguished professors, more than 40,000 students, among
whom are over 11,000 graduate students as well as more than 480 foreign
ones. Besides, the number of the academicians of Chinese Academy of
Sciences and Academy of Engineering has increased to 17 compared with
none in 1990. In the recent years, comprehensive strength, research
funds and the scientific publications of Zhejiang University rank stably
in the top five among China’s universities.
II. Physics Department
History
Physics
Department in Zhejiang University was founded in 1929. Having
experienced several years’ frustration, however, by the end of
1930’s, compared with the other universities in China, the Physics
Department in Zhejiang University had had a strong faculty consisting of
scholars like Gang-fu Hu, Shao-zhong Zhang, Zen-lu He, Xing-bei Shu and
Gang-chang Wang. Meanwhile, its labs were well equipped and it preserved
American journals like “Physical Review”, “Review of Modern
Physics” as well as important German and British physics journals. All
these above had created favorable ambience and provided the basis for
physics research.
From 1933 to 1935, Prof. Jian-xiong Wu held teaching post in
Zhejiang University, while T.D. Lee spent 4 years studying in Zhejiang
University from 1943 to 1946. By the end of 1950’s, 13 academicians of
Chinese Academy of Science had been teaching or studying in the Physics
Department of Zhejiang University successively like Gang-chang Wang,
Gong-xu Gu, Kai-jia Cheng, Ji-ming Hu, Ning Nu, Ming Lu, Zhi-jian Li and
Xian-tu He.
Prof.
Gang-chang Wang, a famous physicist, had been working in Zhejiang
University for 14 years from 1936 to 1950. At the beginning of 1940’s,
Prof. Wang put forward that it is feasible to prove the existence of
neutrino in the process that by capturing a k-th shell electron,
Beryllium nucleon decays to Lithium and a neutrino. The article was
published on “Physical Review” in 1942, and the result was confirmed
by experiment several months later. This conclusion provided a solid
basis for the Fermi theory and was considered as a significant progress
of physics in the world in 1942. In the 1950’s, Prof. Wang went to
Dubna Nuclear Center in Soviet Union for scientific research. In 1960,
his discovery of the particle
made him a physics master.
The Physics Department was disbanded in the reconstruction of
China’s universities in the summer of 1952, when Prof. Gang-chang Wang
was assigned to Beijing, and it was reestablished in 1957.
In 1981, Profs. Wen-zhu Li and Rong Wang were approved by the
State Education Commission to be in the first list of thesis advisors of
doctoral students in China. In the following ten years, quite some
excellent doctorial students graduated and made progress in lattice
gauge theory and mathematical physics. In 1982, the second national
annual meeting of Chinese high energy physics was held in Zhejiang
University.
In 1988, Prof.
Qi-rui Zhang joined the Physics Department in Zhejiang University. He
was accomplished in the research like the substitution effect and flux
pinning in type-II superconductors, and had played a substantial role in
the establishment of the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics.
In 1991, in order to promote the development of
physics in Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics was
established under the support of Profs. T.D. Lee and Yong-xiang Lu, who
was the president of the University then. Prof. T.D. Lee took the chair
of the Institute. The Institute has been attracting many excellent
doctors to do their postdoctoral research there. The young researchers
assembled in the Institute are active in the frontier of theoretical
physics, and form a strong research team in Physics Department.
The past ten years are the decade of expansion and
development for Physics Department.
Present state
Physics
Department now has a teaching and administrative staff of more than 140,
among whom are 3 academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2 of them
are adjunct professors), 5
Guangbiao distinguished
professors, 2 distinguished professors, about 40 professors,
40 associate professors, 9 senior engineers and senior laboratory
technicians.
The Physics Department consists of four research
institutions, Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Institute for
Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Optics and Institute of Applied
Physics, and two teaching Institutions like College Physics Teaching
Section and Experimental Physics Center. Authorized by the State
Education Commission, 9 second-level subjects for Master degree, 8 for
doctors and postdoctoral research are established. Theoretical physics
and condensed matter physics, the 2 second-level subjects, are the key
laboratories of Zhejiang Province.
In the Physics
Department, field theory and particle physics, condensed matter physics
theory, computational physics and statistical physics, plasma physics,
surface physics, low temperature physics, superconductors and
superconductivity, optics in solids, nano-structure materials, soft
condensed matter physics, atom and molecular physics, laser physics,
quantum optics, atomic spectra, and the cross disciplines of science
like bio- and medical physics, are the main research directions, and the
research is among the lead in China, some fields are even advanced in
the world. More than 250 articles are published every year, especially 2
and 17 articles have been in Nature
and Physics Review Letter
respectively in the past years. The total of publications in
authoritative international journals is among the top in China. The fund
for natural science has been rising steadily, and surpassed 4.5 million
yuan last year. Many research projects have received national or
provincial awards.
The Physics
Department now has altogether 550 students, including 120 Master degree
candidates and 50 doctorial students. The undergraduate study lasts four
years.
The students in Zhejiang University pursue a good
academic style and are very active in thoughts. A complete range of
subjects and a detailed arrangement of courses in Zhejiang University,
allow students great freedom to choose the lectures and to make them
comprehensive and specialized talents. In addition, the regular
scientific seminars, colloquia and other academic activities provide the
students with the latest progress of the subject. Especially, Zhejiang
University has a systematic training plan for undergraduates’
scientific research, such as SRTP and the Challenge Cup, which plays a
decisive role in the combination of teaching and scientific research,
and stimulates the students’ creativity. A variety of scholarships are
founded for various majors and subjects. Those excellent students may
receive special financial aids and awards. As for the graduates, besides
the basic scholarship for every student, an abundance of research
assistant positions, fellowships founded by schools, foundations and all
circles in society are available.
The tutorial system is adopted to foster the students’ ability
both theoretically and experimentally in higher grades, hunting the
talents who can further their study in physics or new branches of
science as well as cross disciplines of sciences, or those who can work
for scientific research and teaching, technology and management. The
employment rate of the undergraduates in Physics Department reaches
nearly 100% in their graduating year. Among them, the proportion of
entering the graduate school is on the increase every year, and reaches
40% this year. Either those who become graduates or those who work in
companies all show their outstanding flexibility and their great
potential for development in cross disciplines. The students from the
Physics Department of Zhejiang University are greatly welcome by the
society.
The duration for studying for the Master degree and
the Doctorial degree is 2.5 and 3 years respectively, and for the Master
and Doctor degrees together 5 years. The cultivation of the
postgraduates is closely associated to the scientific research of the
superadvisors. Currently, most of the professors in Physics Department
are aged about 40, and have the research experience of at least one or
two years abroad and are well-informed with the recent development of
modern physics. Compared with other universities in China, the abundant
directions of theoretical physics are another feature of the Physics
Department in Zhejiang University.
In 2001,
authorized by the State Education Commission, Prof. You-quan Li and
Prof. Bo Zheng, coming back from Germany, were invited as distinguished
professors. It strengthens the research of theoretical physics and
computational physics, and greatly facilitates national and
international academic cooperation and exchanges. Profs. Li and Zheng
set up and organize the colloquia recently. The colloquia introduce the
latest advancement of the subject and activate the academic atmosphere.
The colloquia are appreciated highly by teachers and students.
Prof. Xiao-wei Tang, an academician of Chinese Academy of
Science, moved in Physics Department in 2000. Based on his experience of
scientific research of many years, he founded a research center for
cross disciplines of science. His research promotes the cross-field
research of physics, nonlinear science, biology and medicine, and gains
him much reputation among the students. The adjunct Prof. Yu-zhu Wang,
an academician, has established the lab of quantum optics, tackling the
hot topics like supercooling atomic physics and Bose-Einstein
condensation.
In 1998, the academician Xian-tu He, a well-known
theoretical physicist, an atomic scientist, took the chair of the School
of Science and the director of Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics. As
the head of the physics subject in Zhejiang University, he apperceives
the modern trends of physics, guides the research directions and
explores the research area unceasingly. As the leader of the School of
Science, he is fair and square with everyone. He reforms the management
system steadily and puts efficient mechanism into effect for talents to
grow up. As a senior scientist, he cares the young physicists without
reservation, spares no effort to enroll both domestic and foreign
outstanding young researchers to bring up a new generation of academic
leaders. Prof. Xian-tu He has been exerting his utmost effort for
Physics Department.
A brief summary
East China has been the cultural center over the past
more than 1000 years, abounding with gifted scholars as well as famous
poets and writers. It is undoubtedly the nice environment for study and
scientific research. Physics in Zhejiang University is bound to hold a
very promising future.
III.
Professors in Physics Department
l
You-quan Li
was born in 1963,
received his Ph.D. degree in Department of Physics, Lanzhou University
in 1989. Li was employed by Zhejiang University as a faculty member in
Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics in 1993, and was promoted to the
full professor position in 1996. He was awarded the Alexander von
Humboldt fellowship in 1998. In the past years, Prof. Li has ever worked
as a guest professor in University of Cincinnati, Chinese University of
Hong Kong, ETH-Lausanne and Augsburg University. After productive
research on symmetries of quantum field theory and front topics in
mathematical physics, he has been involved in theoretical condensed
matter physics in recent years.
A recent representative work of Prof. Li is on the
orbital degrees of freedom of 3d electrons. Li together with Ma, Shi and
Zhang indicated that the isotropic Hamiltonian expected to describe a
variety of transitional metal oxides which
has an enhanced symmetry from SU(2)×SU(2) to SU(4) [Li , Ma ,
Shi and Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81(1998) 3527; Li , Phys.
Rev. Lett. 87(2001) 7208]. At this SU(4)-symmetric point, the
quantum fluctuations of both the spin and orbital are enhanced and the
“SU(4) singlet” is more stable in comparison to the conventional
“spin SU(2) singlet.” Therefore, the orbital degrees of freedom help
the realization of the resonating valence bond spin liquid, which has
been looked for with great interest but has not yet been found in
quantum magnets without orbital degeneracy (e.g., La2CuO4). As the basic
unit of the SU(4) singlet is the plaquette, Li et. al. conjectured it
might be realized in LiNiO2, and it was confirmed in experiment later
on.
Li’s work on spin systems with orbital degeneracy was granted the
first prize by China Education Ministry, and a fund
for distinguished young researchers by National Natural Science
Foundation.
In 2001, Prof. Li was honored as a distinguished
professor by the Cheung Kong project of China
Education Ministry. Now he has been establishing and leading a
research team for theoretical studies on strongly correlated system and
mesoscopic physics. Currently, the research interest includes
non-perturbation approach to spin systems and strongly correlated
systems, quantum phase transition, as well as spin involved transport in
mesoscopic systems.
l
Bo Zheng
was born in 1961, received his Ph.D. degree in
Department of Physics, Zhongshan University in
1988. After the scientific visits in ICTP, Graz University and Free
University in 1990, Zheng worked as a research associate and a senior
research associate in Siegen University and Martin-Luther Halle
University till 2001.10. Dr. Zheng was honored as a distinguished
professor in Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics by the Cheung Kong
project of China
Education Ministry in 2001.
Since 1994, Dr. Zheng has been engaged
in the numerical study of nonequilibrium dynamic systems. Especially,
Zheng together with his cooperators has systematically investigated the
universal dynamic scaling behavior of critical dynamics far from
equilibrium [Zheng,
Int.J.Mod.Phys.B12(1998)1419, review article]. Based on the
short-time dynamic scaling form, a new method for numerical measurements
of both static and dynamic critical exponents has been developed [Li,
Schülke and Zheng, Phys.Rev.Lett.74(1995)3396; Zheng,
Schulz and Trimper, Phys.Rev.Lett.82(1999) 1891].
The method does not suffer from critical slowing down. Compared with the
non-local cluster algorithms, it can be applied to study local dynamics.
The total SCI citation of the publications on this work reaches about
600 to date.
Zheng’s work on
numerical simulations of critical
dynamics far from equilibrium
was granted a fund
for distinguished young researchers by National Natural Science
Foundation.
Prof. Zheng is now constructing and leading a
research group in computational physics, statistical physics and soft
condensed matter physics. Current research interest includes dynamic
systems far from equilibrium, financial dynamics and other complex
systems in bio- and medical physics.
l
Ming-xing Luo
was born in 1963, received his Ph.D. degree in Department of Physics, University of
Pennsylvania in 1990. After the postdoctoral
research in Washington University from 1991 to 1993, Luo was employed by
Zhejiang University as a faculty member in Zhejiang Institute of Modern
Physics in 1994, and was promoted to the full professor position in
1997.
Luo has been working in particle physics since his
study for the doctoral degree. In a classical paper [Langacker and Luo,
Phys.Rev.D44(1991)817], Luo and Langacker determined the
,
and
by analyzing all existing experiments, and observed that the gauge
coupling constants unify within the minimal supersymmetric standard
model. It can be interpreted as an indirect support for both
supersymmetry and grand unification theories. The SCI citation of this
paper reaches nearly 600 now. In another seminal paper [Langacker, Luo
and Mann, Rev.Mod. Phys.64(1992)87.], Luo and collaborators
provided a theoretical framework for the high precision electroweak
experiments, by introducing a systematic prescription for the analysis
of experiments and the means of delineating the nature of new physics
beyond the Standard Model. Recently, Luo and Xiao re-calculated the
two-loop renormalization group equations in the standard model [hep-ph/0207271]
and modified the long standing expressions of beta-functions.
Prof. Luo is leading the research direction of
particle physics and field theory in Physics Department. Current
interest are applications of quantum field theories, precision tests of
the standard model, supersymmetry and grand unification theories;
phenomenologies of gravitation and string theories.
l
Zhu-an Xu was born in 1966, received his Ph.D. degree in Department of Physics,
Zhejiang University in 1994. From 1997.8 to 2000.2, Xu was working as a
guest scientist in Princeton University. Xu was promoted to the full
professor position in the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics in
2000.
Prof. Xu has been active in experimental study of
high-Tc superconductors in the last years. Unlike the low-Tc
superconductors, the fluctuation superconductivity above Tc may extend
to very high temperatures in the cuprate. In a recent article [Xu et
al., Nature 406(2000)486], the Nernst effect and vortex-like excitations in high-Tc
cuprates were investigated in an experiment with La2-xSrxCuO4.
Xu et al. found a
surprising enhanced Nernst signal in pseudogap regime (T>Tc).
This indicates that vortices may exist at temperatures as high as 150 K
in a series of crystals in which Tc ranges from below 4 K to 35 K. A
possible scenario is that the condensate forms above 150 K in these
materials. Why is the observed Tc
strongly suppressed to 30 K? Because the condensate wavefunction is
complex, the phase angle fluctuates strongly in space and time. This
destroys the Meissner signal while leaving the condensate magnitude
undiminished.
Xu has
been granted a fund for distinguished young researchers by National
Natural Science Foundation.
l
Xiao-wei Tang,
an academician of Chinese Academy of Science, joined in the Physics
Department in 2000.
Prof.
Tang is a nuclear physicist and high energy physicist. In the 70’s and
80’s, his research group joined the Mark-J collaboration at DESY in
Hamburg, which discovered the gluon jet, and the L3 collaboration at
CERN in Geneva, which determines the three generations of neutrino in
nature. In 90’s, Tang was also in the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
collaboration, which searches for anti-matter and dark matter in space.
Then his research interest turned to the fields of life science and
brain science. He pioneered the functional brain imaging studies in
China and organized the neuroinformatics research in China. He was also
the chief scientist of the National Research Project “Basic research
in nuclear medicine and radiation therapy”.
Now Prof. Tang is leading a laboratory of cross
disciplines and directing his energy to the bio-X, med-X and psycho-X
studies.
l
Institute for
Condensed Matter Physics consists of experimental and theoretical
divisions. Besides the experimentalists Tang and Xu above, Profs. Shi-ning
Bao, Gao-xiang Ye and Pi-mo He are leading strong groups on experimental
study of solid, surface and interface. Prof. Ye has been active and
creative on the experimental study of thin film growth on liquid
surfaces since 1996 [Ye, Michely, Weidenhof et al.,
Phys.Rev.Lett. 81(1998)622]. In recent years, Prof. Bao and He
et al. have had success on the growth and characteristics of C60
single crystal and related topics, such as K3C60 crystal in gas phase
and growth of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. Prof.
He’s recent work on formation, electronic structures and interfaces in
organic light-emitting diodes is also interesting and important [He,
Au, Wang et al., Appl.Phys.Lett.76(2000)1422;
He,
Wang, Wong et al., Appl.Phys.Lett.79
Prof. Zheng-kuan Jiao has been fruitful in both experimental and
theoretical study of high-Tc superconductors and superconductivity, and
has published more than 300 scientific research papers. Dr. Qing-hu Chen
is one of the youngest professors in the Physics Department, and
productive in theoretical condensed matter physics. In a recent article
[Chen, Tang and Tong, Phys.Rev.Lett.87(2001)067001], a
long-standing dispute in current-voltage characteristic of KT systems is
reconciled with extensive numerical simulations of superconducting
Josephson junction arrays.
Prof. Pei-lin Cao is a reputated senior professor in the Department. An
important work of Prof. Cao is on the Monte Carlo simulations of the
microscopic processes of surface diffusion [Cao, Phys.Rev.Lett.73(1994)2595].
Cao proposed a transition type dependent method, obtained a new formula
of calculating the Monte-Carlo time, and a relation between the surface
diffusion coefficients and the surface order. The method has been
applied to typical surfactant-mediated homoepitaxial systems. A new
growth model, named the repulsive center network, is developed. This
model is in good agreement with the experiments.
l
Shao-min Wang
is an expert in Matrix Optics, which is efficient in studying
propagation and transformation of light. Prof. Wang and his cooperators
specialize especially in the application: dam deformation measured by
laser and by means of Fresnel lenses in vacuum line has been considered
and established. It is a misaligned optical system and it is also a
diffractive optical system. The ABCD
matrix is thus augmented as a
matrix. Just at the time,
novel phenomena of optical array were observed in the United States,
which could be treated conveniently by means of a
matrix, and as a result, a
new branch of optics is thus established [PROGRESS INOPTICS, 1988,
Amsterdan]. On the other hand, new laser beams are discovered based on
the concept of the nature of diffraction. The research projects “Array
Optics”, “A CO2 Laser with New Beam” and “Dam
Deformation Measured by Laser” have received the fourth prize
of National Natural Science, the third prize of National Technical Invention and the
second prize of National Scientific & Technical Progress
Encouragements of China respectively. In 2000, a book named Matrix
Optics by Wang and Zhao was formed and published by CHEP-Springer.
IV
Research directions in Physics Department
l
Zhejiang
Institute of Modern Physics
He,
Xian-tu: Nonlinear science, nonequilibrium statistical
physics, nonlinear plasma physics, nuclear fusion science.
Chen,
Yi-xin: String theory, non-perturbative quantum field theory,
quantum information and quantum computing.
Dai,
Jian-Hui: New physics in correlated electron systems, including quasi-1D
organic conductors, quantum dots, heavy fermion alloys, 2D metals and
high Tc cuprates.
Gao,
Xiao-chun: Quantum field theory, systems with time-dependent
Hamiltonians, integrable models and related topics.
Jin,
Hong-ying: Heavy flavor physics, exotic hadron physics, non-perturbative
QCD.
Li,
Kang: Field theories, integrable systems,
quantum group and field theory method in strong correlated system in
condensed matter physics.
Li,
You-quan: Strongly correlated systems, quantum phase transition,
mesoscopic physics
Lu,
Ding-Hui: Particle physics and nuclear physics, particularly in hadronic
physics and nuclear matter under extreme conditions.
Luo,
Ming-xin: Quantum field theory and particle physics
Sheng,
Zheng-mao: Quantum field
theory, string theory, integrable systems, condensed matter theory,
nonlinear physics, molecular dynamics simulations.
Xu,
Jing-bo: Advanced topics in quantum theory, including
time-dependent quantum systems, geometrical phase factor, field theory
and algebraic methods in quantum optics, quantum computing and quantum
information.
Ying,
He-ping: Lattice gauge theory, quantum phase transition and strongly
correlated electron systems and cluster Monte Carlo simulations.
Zheng,
Bo: Computational physics, equilibrium and
nonequilibrium statistical
l
Institute for
Condensed Matter Physics
Tang,
Xiao-wei: High energy physics and nuclear physics, cross disciplines of
physics, biology and medicine
Bao,
Shi-ning：
Surface and interface physics, adsorbed layers on metal surfaces,
materials physics of carbon clusters
Cao,
Pei-lin: Surface physics, cluster structure
Chen,
Qing-hu: Condensed Matter Physics, superconductivity, vortex dynamics
Fang,
Ming-hu: Superconductors, strongly correlated electron systems,
transition metal oxides
He,
Pi-mo: Surface, interface and thin film Physics,
atomic and electronic structure on surface, growth and characters of low dimensional
systems
Jiao,
Zheng-kuan: High Tc superconductivity, low temperature physics, Colossal
magneto-resistance, physics of nano-materials
Li,
Hai-yang: Surface and interface physics, synchrontron radiation
Sha,
Jian: Structure of nano-materials
Tan,
Ming-qiu: Density functional theory, strong correlated electron systems
Tang,
Jing-chang: Theory of surface structure and electrons, X-ray absorption
spectra of solids
Xia,
A-gen: Polymer physics, thin film physics
Xu,
Zhu-an: High Tc superconductors, dynamics of
charge-density-wave, CMR in perovskite manganites
Ye,
Gao-xiang Thin film physics, surface physics, nano-scale physics
Zhang,
Lin-xi: Polymer physics
Zhang,
Xun-sheng: study of surface and interface structure with synchrotron
radiation
l
Institute of
Optics
Dai,
Chang-jian: Modern optical spectrum，laser
physics and its applications, atomic
physics
Lin,
Qiang: Laser physics, transformation of light,
quantum optics
Liu,
Zheng-dong: Quatum optics
Lu,
Xuan-hui: Transformation of light, solid-state laser, diffraction
optics, laser technology and its application
Shen,
Yong-hang: Optical fibre sensor, micro-solid-state laser, nonlinear
optics
Wang,
Shao-min: Matrix optics, nature of diffraction, subwavelength optics,
properties of photons.
Wu,
Hui-zhen Optoelectronic materials and device, crystal film
epitaxy, optical properties of solids
Yao,
Zhi-xin：
Laser physics, metallic vapor laser
l
Institute of
Applied Physics
Cao,
Zhi-tong: Chaos,
neural network, wavelet analysis
Acknowledgement:
Work supported in part by research funds of National Education Ministry.
The author thanks deeply many helpful discussions with X.Y. Cai and Y.Q.
Li .
B.
Zheng
Physics Department
Zhejiang University
Hangzhou 310027
P.
R. China